Psychological Disorder †Bipolar

Manic-depressive disorder or bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by radical and unprecedented emotional changes. These mood changes swing from depressive lows to manic highs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorder – Bipolar specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People inflicted by this disorder generally encounter alternating episodes of depression and mania (Collingwood, 2010, Para. 2). National institute of mental health reported in 1991 that, in just the US alone, two million persons suffer from manic-depressive disorder causing the US to incur an expense of about $45 billion annually in diagnosis and subsequent treatment process. Unfortunately, the disorder’s diagnosis proves difficult due to the sophisticated nature of the disorder. Consequently, More often than not, the diagnosis experiences a delay of several years (Steger Kashdan, 2009, p.299). In the light of the quantification of repercussions of the disorder in monetary terms, its effects on individual or personal development and socialization remain worth noting. Socialization and Some Normal Socialization Processes Socialization entangles an active participation and being part of other people. Socialization is a process associated with some ardent steps that one must take to ensure that other people develop substantial trust in him/her so that they can confide in him/her. The other way round should also hold true for any group of people considered socially right. Some of the normal social behaviors include hanging out with friends, calling them up, joining similar or same clubs with friends among others (Elgie Morselli, 2007, p.145). This way, individuals can work actively towards some common goals and objectives, as spelt out by the membership groups to which they belong. The desire to socialize originates from an individual intrinsically. Therefore, for the socialization process to ta ke place, one must make personal decisions to identify oneself with a certain group. This can come through starting interactions with family members or even friends. Initiation of interactions is achievable for instance through inviting other people for chats, party or any other way of spending time together. One can also create personal profiles in social networks or join other hobby social networks. Participating in civic, religious, service and all sorts of community forums or even making personal introductions as much as possible to new neighbors and new people in general are all crucial catalysts of fostering socialization processes. Human development The word development is employed to describe some aspects of biological, physical, social and cognitive capacities growth throughout the entire human life. The scientific approach in human development attempts to unveil the reasons as to why people change throughout their life (Martin, 2010, Para. 11).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The topic is important to many subjects such as anthropology, biology, history, education, psychology and more importantly, for this case health among others. Understanding emotional, social, personality, physical, Intellectual and perpetual human development processes from a health dimension is crucial since it provides a mechanism of identifying the causes and where possible the remedies of health problems can be determined. In relation to mental health problems, personality development is a crucial process. It encompasses complex mental traits, which direct individuals to act uniquely compared to all other people. During the developmental process, some of these factors may cause anxiety for instance by inculcating a feeling the desires of being more or less like one’s social group members despite different personal affiliations. Such a behavior is perceived as normal un til it becomes excessive to the extent that it can cause mental disorders such as bipolar disorder. Relationship between human development and socialization Factors such as cultural beliefs, emotions, and expectations among others play key roles in shaping an individual’s normal personality development. Majority of the influences of this growth in human beings are believed to be either genotypic or phenotypic. According to scholastic psychological studies, factors contributing to basic personality development such as emotional tone are attributable to heredity. On the other hand, beliefs, values and expectations are directly relatable to socialization particularly during childhood (Steger Kashdan, 2009, p.291). Some of the hereditary personality development factors greatly interact with the social environment to determine how one perceives himself or herself. For example, how a person perceives himself/herself is amicably dependent on how others see him/her, which again depe nds on the mental, and physical capabilities that have been genetically inherited (Collingwood, 2010, Para. 8). Evidently, the characteristics of human beings are rigidly tied together by the existing inseparable relationship between socialization and factors that foster human development. Effects of bipolar disorder on human development and socialization All strategies for initiating the socialization process demand an individual to have enthusiastic urge characterized by enormous desire to achieve results. Unfortunately, people with manic-depressive disorder have ‘nothing’ or ‘all’ behavior. During times of highs, those afflicted by the disorder, are more likely to socialize more and poorly during the times of lows. Since temporally relations are deemed to cause less benefits as opposed to deeper and caring relationships (Elgie Morselli, 2007, p.149), bipolar disorder impairs one’s capability to establish long lasting social relationships. On the other hand, bipolar disorder can affect the way one perceives herself or himself especially during periods of low self-esteem (‘nothing’ behavior period).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorder – Bipolar specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Collingwood (2010) notes, bipolar disorder has the capacity to cause negative effects on the patients family, social life and work particularly during acute phases (Para.12). Having negative perceptions to the key spheres indentified above poses a mega challenge to personality development since the workmates, family members and social life members incredibly dictate this form of human development. References Collingwood, J. (2010). Working and Socializing Through Acute Health Episodes. Retrieved From  https://psychcentral.com/lib/working-and-socializing-through-acute-mental-health-episodes// Elgie, R., Morselli, P. (2007). Social Function ing In Bipolar Patients: The Perception and Perspective Of Patients, Relatives and Advocacy Organizations- A Review. Bipolar Disorders, 9 (2), pp. 144-157. Martin, H. (2010). The Processes of Human Development. Retrieved From  http://www.integralworld.net/martin03.html Steger, M., Kashdan, T. (2009). Depression and Everyday Social Activity, Belonging, and Well-Being. The Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), pp. 289-300. This essay on Psychological Disorder – Bipolar was written and submitted by user Emmett Noble to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Secret Sharer essays

The Secret Sharer essays In Joseph Conrads novel The Secret Sharer a moral can be identified that touches on the premises of finding and identifying ones dual personalities in order to establish ones character. Conrads novel explores the possibility that everyone has a binary personality and that to really be true to ones self, they must recognize and give in to this possibility. In The Secret Sharer, the Captain, the protagonist, finds a naked man clinging to the side ladder of his ship. The man, Leggatt, is a runaway from his ship the Sephora due to the fact that he accidentally killed a crew member in a bad storm. The reader learns that the Captain has just recently acquired his position and that he is not respected by his crew because of his strangeness to them and the ship. Like the Captain, the man that he finds, Leggatt, is a stranger. The two men share many qualities, and the Captain refers to Leggatt throughout the work as his second self. Conrad stresses the idea that Leggatt is the captains double. The Captain dressing Leggatt in one of his own sleeping suits is the first resemblance the reader sees between the two characters. Then the reader learns that both men are young, both hold (or held in Leggatts case) posts of importance that they acquired through their connections, both are Conway boys, a boy sailor that has been trained on the Britis h battleship Conway, both are isolated from their respective crews, both save a ship during a dangerous event (Leggatt saved his during a storm and the Captain saves his while letting Leggatt escape) , and both eventually set out for new destinies. Each man offers something to his double. The Captain offers Leggatt a place to hide and a chance to escape, and Leggatt, by his escape, forces the Captain to take charge of his crew and prove himself a worthy captain. Leggatt is figuratively a part of the Captain that he doesn&...

Discussion questions1-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion questions1-3 - Essay Example The interpreter does not differentiate between exception and syntax error, it continues to interpret and execute the source code till possible. However, it stops interpreting where finds a syntax error with an error message. In this regard, it is achievable for interpreters to handle the syntax errors as exceptions to continue an execution of a source code/program even after the syntax error. Defensive programming is to investing more time in writing a secure program by validation of extensive of input, avoiding garbage values and standardization of exception handling. The defensive programming relates to variables as in the defensive programming we need to use naming scheme (preferably Hungarian Variables) begins with int, str and providing meaningful variables names. All the variables should be explicitly initialized to avoid garbage values, long script should be break into sections that facilitates reusability and makes easy debugging. Hence, it can be said that the defensive programming avoids not only syntax errors but also some semantic errors while using the above methods, so that when viewing variables the programmer explicitly knows for what purpose the variable is declared and used in a program. Spreadsheet model is one of the major business models that is ubiquitous and allow us to develop more complex and detailed models than traditional mathematics allows. It facilitates business communication especially performing modeling tasks and accounting statements in effective and efficient manner, as it is more-powerful and refined tool. This is the reasons for which spreadsheet modeling is high in demand of recruiters. Modeling helps us to make informed decisions in any business. We can model a system before its actual implementation to know any defect in the model, test the model and can identify pros and cons of the modeled system. Modeling can be used to investigate alternate ways of doing business, without investing in a

Final exam praperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final exam praperation - Essay Example These were ranked to have higher survival rate compared to the other media that was available such as fresco wall paintings and other textiles. Despite the materiality being mixed with a culture that was full of barbaric artists, it led to the growth of artistic heritage of the Roman Empire and the iconographic traditions of the early Christian church. It also resulted in the production of the remarkable legacy of artists (Low, 2012). Monastic influence contributed more in the production of this early medieval art and architecture in many ways. Monk and nuns had a duty of performing occasional practical services during the early days. They nursed the sick, assisted those that were poor gave advice to the leaders that do not believe in God and provided shelter. For the culture as a whole, monasticism offered the society a spiritual outlet and dealt with important consequences for the medieval art. Encouragement of legacy, learning and kept the principals of the ancient journalism was the work that entitled to monks and nuns (Low, 2012). A community that comprised of men and women was to be governed by the set of regulations that were formed by monks. During this period, Christianity was described as being the late antique art. The changing phase was undergone in the new Roman art during this time, and it later abandoned classical style and Greek realism. The leaving gave an impact, and it was done in favor of mystical and hieratic style. Monasticism was then regarded as the primary on the impartial art that came because of the eastern parts of the empire (Low, 2012). I agree. Gregory was more educated, and he was known for his prolific writings when compared to his predecessors as pope. He was the founder of the present day’s revision of the Roman worship, and he was the author of developments and contributions of the divine

Dental Coverage Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dental Coverage - Article Example 23% of the total population have moderate to severe gum disease while 15% of the entire population experience toothache very often (Government of South Australia n.d p. 5). Mostly the adult population is the working people in the society. The high numbers of people affected by oral health affects their total out capacity. As the population suffers from the poor health their productivity levels are very low due to lack of concentration. Additionally, not only do they waste a lot of time while seeking medical attention, they also have low self-esteem, a factor that significantly contributes to the low output of employees. Consequences of poor performance in any job position are either facing the cask or demotion, which is a rather lighter charge. The article, â€Å"Trends in access to dental care among Australian adults 1994–2008† looks at the relationship between access to dental care and the time taken by adults in Australia over a number of years. As the trends improve among the people, so do the people’s oral health condition, which subsequently leads to the people job performance. Poor dental health is associated with poor job performance among the employed people. According to the article, with time, people have increasingly had access to dental care, as statistics reveal. ... Further in 1999, it maintained a downward trend and was reported at 36.2%. Over one in every two adults made a dental visit to the dentist in the 12 months before the study that took place between 1994 and 2008 (Harford, Ellershaw & Spencer 2011, p. 6). These statistics show deteriorating dental health coverage. A person with a dental problem does not exhibit high concentration levels when working. Statistically, the high rate of people visiting the dentist is alarming. The more people visit the dentist, the more the time they spend away from their work. Promotions based on attendance are likely to escape these individuals. The higher the numbers of hours these people spend at the dentists’ the more they lose promotional opportunities at their job places. The lack of insurance among the employed people has also negatively impacted on job retaining capacity among the employees. They also lose in their motivational packages. Oral health is a major determinant of the general heal th and hygiene of a person. The report, â€Å"Projected demand and supply for dental visits in Australia: analysis of the impact of changes in key inputs† shows the various effects and factors that are likely to take place in case the number of dentists increase in Australia. Definitely, just as the economic law of demand and supply illustrates, the increase in supply of dentistry services leads to a positive increase in the people’s job retaining capacity as well as their chances of promotion. The report indicates that the number of dentists is likely to increase by 33% from what it was in 2005 to a larger figure in 2020. Experts anticipate that the number of dentists will grow from 10,104 to 13,465. Subsequently, the total aggregate supply of dental visits is expected to

Indian Biscuit Market: Segmentation and Customer Analysis

Indian Biscuit Market: Segmentation and Customer Analysis For an effective and efficient segmentation, however, a mix of all of these above mentioned parameters have to be used. Extending the above concept of basis of segmentation, the criteria of segmentation across different conditions is naturally different. For example, for the general understanding of a market, one should keep in mind the benefits sought, product purchase and usage patterns, needs, brand loyalty and switching patterns On the other hand, for positioning studies, product usage, product preference have to be taken into account. On one hand, incase of advertising decisions, when media usage and psychographic /lifestyle is considered seriously, on the other hand for distribution decisions, store loyalty and patronage clubbed with benefits sought in store selection is contemplated over. Also, it has been often concluded that the segment profitability is affected by five principal factors : Industry Competitors and the threat of segment rivalry Potential entrants to the market and the threat of mobility The threat of substitute products Buyers and their relative power Suppliers and their relative power Last but not the least, to decide on segmentation, a knowledge of following five patterns of market coverage is important . They are :- Single segment concentration, selective specialisation, product specialisation, market specialisation, full market coverage. PROMOTION :- For any promotion strategy to be successful, it is primarily important that the flow of thought process behind it be understood. A Marketing Plan is essentially a mix of Product, Place, Price, Promotion, physical evidence and Process Management . This Marketing Plan is a derivative of Marketing strategies and objectives, which is in turn derived from Corporate Objectives. And on an overall level, all of these are derived from the Final Corporate Strategy . Amongst these, the Promotion mix consists of a wide variety of selling tactics like Product Placement, Advertising and advertorials, Packaging, Personal Selling, P.O.S., Publicity .Sponsorship, Sales Promotion, Exhibitions, E-Mails, Text messaging etc. While developing the communications Plan, the following points have to be kept in mind by a Marketer :- The nature and detail of the target audience. The Short-term and Long-term communication objectives The messages that are to be used The Communication channels that will carry the message The Budget The Mix of communication tools that is to be used and how the elements of the promotion mix are to be integrated and how, in turn, the promotions mix is to be integrated with the marketing mix. The measure of the ROI of the campaign. Apart from the above mentioned, approaching the customer in a Integrated Marketing Communication Channel is the most effective. i.e. by achieving a higher level of integration between the individual elements of the communication mix, the planner should achieve a greater degree of clarity and consistency, with the result that there will then be a seamless integration of messages and a broader reach . Brand Management A fundamental element of any product strategy is the role played by the brand. Brands are designed to enable customers to identify products or services that promise specific benefits. As such they are a form of shorthand in that they create a set of expectations in the mind of customers about purpose, performance, quality and price. This in turn allows the strategists to build added value into products and to differentiate them from competitors. To be truly effective, a brand strategy has to develop over time and reflect environmental conditions. There is therefore a need from brand development, the key elements of which involve a detailed understanding of: Current perceptions of the brand amongst customers and the trade The expectations of both customers and the trade The strengths and weakness of each brand within the portfolio The value of each of the brands The links that exist between the different brands owned and the nature and significance of any overlaps and gaps The dangers of brand cannibalization When and where new brand names need to be developed The opportunity for brand stretching Probable competitor moves The starting point for this involves analysing the brand in order to understand detail what it means to customer and how much it is worth. In doing this, the strategist needs to identify the core values, the scope that exists for extending the brand name into other product or market sectors, and the areas that must be avoided at all costs. Developing a brand strategy For many organisations, branding is a fundamental element of the product strategy and provides the basis for a consumer franchise that, if managed effectively, allows for greater marketing flexibility and a higher degree of consumer loyalty. However, it needs to be recognised that branding involves a great deal more than simply putting a name on a package. Instead it is about creating, maintaining and proactively developing perceived customer value, it is only in this way that the organisation is able to promise and continue to deliver to the consumer a superior value than that offered by competitors. It follows from this that any brand strategy is, of necessity, a long term process that involves an investment in and commitment to the development of the brand over time. This long term perspective involves the dovetailing of a number of issues, but in essence can be seen to be concerned with the two principal issue that emerge from the discussion above 1. Where the brand is currently and how it is perceived 2. How the brand is to be perceived in three, five and ten years time, and how this might best be achieved. With regard to the first of these, the starting point for any brand strategy involves identifying: The brands current market positioning Competitors positioning strategies and resource bases The way in which the market is likely to develop, and the implications of product, brand and market life cycles Customers perception of the portfolio of brands in the market Customers expectations and the extent to which these are being met both by the brand and its competitors Levels of customer loyalty across the market The financial, managerial and operational that can be called in managing a brand The bases for competition The relative importance of the brand to the organisation Managerial expectations of the brand It is only against this background that the strategist is able to develop a vision for the brand. Finally in developing the brand strategy, the planner needs to give consideration to a series of financial issues, including the margins and contribution that the brand is required to generate in both the short and the long term, and the levels of investment that the brand needs if it is to achieve the objectives set. Consumer Behaviour From the viewpoint of the marketing planner, the mix of cultural, social, personal and psychological factors that influence behaviour is largely non-controllable. Because of the influence they exert upon patterns of buying, it is essential that as much effort as possible is put into understanding how they interact and ultimately, how they influence purchase behaviour. in doing this, it is important not to lose sight of the differences that exist between customers and consumers, and the implications of these differences for strategy. Against the background of an understanding of the factors influencing motivation, the marketing strategists needs them to consider the influence of perception, since it is the way in which motivated individuals perceive a given situation that determines precisely how they will behave. Consumer is at the centre of all decision making in an organisation. The linkage of the consumer to other aspects is shown in the following diagram. We can see that on the left, the consumer interacts through his perception, understanding (cognition), beliefs and social influences. These aspects determine the behaviour of the consumer. The search for this behaviour is through market research and insight mining. The market Research gives fodder for the strategy to be formulated. MARKSTRAT SUMMARY Before entering any market, it is important to understand what the market stands for, the kind of products in the market, the competitors that the company will face and various external and internal factors that will play a crucial role in making decisions after every quarter/period. The Industry Cheetah has 6 players in the Market namely A, E, I, O, U, Y. After the initial feelers of the whole simulation, it was evident that we would have to focus on certain key areas and others would be on low priority. The key-focus areas that were decided were :- Philosophy, Guiding Principals and Organization Product Portfolio Research Development Advertising and Sales Force Decisions Pricing Effects Competitor Dynamics New Product Launches Production Planning and Inventory Management Financial Focus After setting the above agenda, the next step was to decide what needs to be done in the first period. The single point agenda in this case was to enter the Sonite market while keeping away from the Vodite market . The logic behind this was that to, make Vheetah Y the Stock price leader clubbed with highest ROI. A snapshot of results varying across different periods are as follows :- Base (period 0): 1000 Period 11 (End): 1687 Highest: 2485 (Period 6 End) Lowest: 1000 (base) Highest Stock Price in Industry: 3244 (Cpny. I) Some of the pertinent stock prices Index observations over the periods were :- SPI increased by 68.7% after 11 periods compared to base value. A very encouraging positive growth was seen from Period 0 to Period 6 (138.9% growth from Period 0 to Period 6) On the Contrary there was a continuous decrease in SPI from Period 7 to 11 (32.11% decline in Period 7 to period 11). The high-point of the SPI game was that at the end of Period 6, Cheetah Y was the market leader in terms of SPI. A company vs Company comparison of SPI shows the following results :- The next focus shifted to pushing the Product through Sales and advertising .The logic behind our heavy Advertising Budget was that there was no point in having a perfect product if the target market does not know about it. A fine balance of quality and quantity does the trick.Down the line, Cheetah Y also realised that it is wisest to allocate the money to the products with the highest Return on Investment. Also, from a strategic point of view, it makes a lot of sense to be opportunistic and increase the advertising money when the competitors are squeezed for money . In this regard, the most important function is Competitive Advertising which defines a product (in this case SYGU and SYCA) against what its communication dimensions and message quality are. Initially, the dimensions Economy and Performance and Performance and Convenience fared pretty badly . But towards Period 7 (from Period 3 to Period 7), it reached the message Quality Excellent. Parallely, in the Vodite Market, the product VYLE on the communication dimension Economy Felxibility it scored a message quality of Excellent. A combined overview of how the sales department fared for Cheetah Y is given below. Also, it gives the insight into what cheetah Y fared vis-a-vis competitors and current market scenario. Base (Period 0): (a) Sales Volume: 167.53 Kilo Units (b) Revenue: K$ 48659.3 Million Period 11 (End): (a) Cumulative Sales Volume: 539.60 Kilo Units (b) Cumulative Revenues: K$ 1463564.9 Million Highest Sales in any Period (Units): 788.4 (Period 7 End) Highest Sales in any Period (Revenue): K$ 193776 (Period 7 End) Lowest Sales in any period (Units): Base Lowest Sales in any Period (Value): Base Highest Cumulative Sales (revenue) in industry after 11 periods: K$ 1949822 (Company I) (A snapshot of Sales Volume across all the competitors) After investing in adequate sales force across Speciality Stores, Department stores and Mass Merchandise, the next logical step was to analyse the Market Share after each period. Some of the key highlights in case of market share were :- Market Share at Period 11 (End): 7.03% Highest: 28.35% (Period 5 End) Lowest: 7.03% (Period 11 End) Highest Market Share in Industry (Period 11 end): 38.88% (Company U) The broad strategy to achieve the initially set agenda is that first we enter the Cheetah market with minimum number of products, and with zero product in the Vodite Market. Also, offering the same product across multiple segments enhanced the revenue base. There was an overall increased emphasis on targeted advertising to increase brand awareness. The Pricing strategy also worked in this direction, i.e offer the product at a cheaper price than the competitors (even when the product is superior) . But as dynamic as our market strategies, even the Market threw up a lot of surprises. There were the constantly changing consumer needs, aggressive product development of competition, large disparity in growth rates in different segments of the two markets. Thus a snapshot of the strategies pursued are given below, vis-a-vis what actions were taken . Thus, from the above describes strategies pursued and an analysis of their results, the following lessons were learnt : Offer customized products to each segment in the market Keep track of changing consumer needs; modify products accordingly If the product is not performing well, remove from market Pay emphasis to RD Observe competition and their strategy; tweak strategy suitably Advertising spend does not necessarily lead to greater sales Lowering price will not improve sales even in a price sensitive segment Possible Applications of the learnings :- There is space for growth for additional brands in the customer segments of Buffs and Singles as the entire market is concentrated in just a couple of players. A well positioned and well priced brand definitely has a lot of promise in these segments. We need keep a tap on ideal value evolution of the physical characteristics or dimensions. Continuous re-evaluation and modification of existing brands like SYGU and SYCA should be done and marketing and advertising efforts should be employed keeping the changes in mind. The position of SYGU brand needs to be questioned and, if need be, repositioned with a modified RD project. A product/brand catering exclusively to the Followers segment in the Vodite should be launched with the desired physical characteristics. Need to define the space for competition so that maximum efforts can be employed there with minimal overlap and wastage with any concurrent efforts for any other brand of the company a case in point is Company I which has excellently defined brands in each of the customer segments of Singles, others and followers. Need to use the MDS and SEMANTIC scales more precisely for setting advertising objectives for SYGU and SYCA. COMPANY STRATEGY :- Biscuit industry is the third largest producer and fastest growing industry in FMCG sector.Its Estimated Value is approximately Rs 5000 Crore. It forms a part of the Organized sector: 60% (approximately). Major Segments in which it operates are Glucose, Marie, Cream, Crackers, Milk. Major Brands in the industry right now are : Britannia, ITC, Parle, Priyagold, Dukes etc COMPANY OVERVIEW :- Britannia is Indias second largest food company with Sales close to Rs. 20 billion. Over the years it has shown a Consistent annual growth rate of 15-20% . It Sources products from more than 50 factories spread across the country. Key product lines include Biscuits, Bread, Cakes and Rusk .Product range serves to the whole spectrum from mass market to the premium segment . FINANCIAL ANALYSIS :- An indepth analysis of past few years shows that the Gross sales increased to Rs 2317.11 Cr in 2006-07 indicating a growth of 28% . Britannias Profits declined by 33% due to increase in input prices and stiff competition (like Parle, itc, Priya ). An interesting trend showed that Dividends of the order 100-150% were provided for the past 5 years. Although Britannia followed the industry growth rate for the past 3-4 years, the profit margin followed a zigzag pattern. But owing to Inflation, Costs have increased significantly on the production as well as on selling front. Company has very small debt and its Debt-Equity ratio is 0.01. Company is maintaining good debt rating for future requirements.PBITDM (Profit Before Interest Tax Depreciation Margin) expressed as a percentage of Sales is 6.58.ROE is at a healthy Rate of 21.14% .Current ratio has been improving over the years and hence the solvency position of the company. COMPETITIVE ANLAYSIS :- (Marketing Mix of Britannia ) PRICING :- On the basis of price, the biscuit market can be segmented into the following: Low Range Biscuits (less than Rs 40 per kg.) Medium Range Biscuits (Rs. 40-70 per kg.) High Range Biscuits (over Rs.70 per kg.) Britannia caters to the upper middle and high end of the market with a touch of premium to it. On the price quality matrix, Good Day biscuits can be classified as following a High-Value strategy. PROMOTION :- Britannia has engaged into various Integrated Marketing Communciation activities some of the more prominent ones are mentioned as follows. Since Consumers are becoming more health conscious Swasth Khao Tan Man Jagao (Eat Healthy, Think Better) campaign directly addressed this new trend (Tiger Biscuits). A new logo was created encapsulating the core essence of Britannia healthy, nutritious and optimistic. Good Day is positioned as a healthy and nutritious product and it advocates values that stand for health, hygiene, family, trust and taste. Since events form a major chunk of the Brand visibility agenda, Britannia sponsors a lot of Sports and sporting events as key channel for promotions. One of the majorly acclaimed campaigns of Britannia is Britannia khao, World Cup jao campaign in 1999 and 2003 and was awarded the most recognized sales promotion among all Cricket World Cup-related sales activity SEGMENTATION AND CUSTOMER ANALYSIS :- Before delving deep into Segmentation Targeting and Positioning, it is important to identify what the Key information areas are, specially the Demographic profile of the consumer on the parameters age, sex, income level and occupation. Some of the personal characteristics of consumers include the identification of When do customer consume biscuits, Type of biscuits consumed, Where do the customer purchase, Purpose of buying (personal consumption, gifting, serving guests), How much do consumers spend on biscuits, Factors Affecting the buying decision, order of preference etc. Different products will have different target group depending on the above mentioned factor. Though a Good-day would appeal to the consumers as a mid-range biscuit, a further extension of that product called Good-day Choco-nut falls in the category of High-end biscuits. RD :- Qualitative Research includes an in-depth analysis of the consumer needs and wants and for this, a wide variety of tool may be used. For ex ample, FGDS with a set of consumers to identify major factors influencing the purchase decision of biscuits (and Interacting with friends and family Quantitative Research Customer survey using questionnaire.Survey done through both face to face interviews as well as online. Tools Used are Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Fishbein analysis . Consumer Behavior and MARKET RESEARCH IN CHEETAH Y Market Research forms the basis of almost all of the strategically important decisions that a Company makes over a period of time. Consumer psyche, Brand perceptions, Buying behaviours, Priority or preferences, all of these form the building blocks of information, on the basis of which a decision maker even goes to the extent of changing the very core proposition of a Brand ! BRAND AWARENESS :- To understand the awareness level of brands across our own company Cheetah Y and across competitors, it is important to have a comparative analysis. This has been made possible by Consumer Survey on brand Awareness Segment by Segment . The report delves deep into what exactly is the level of brand knowledge amongst the following segments :- Buffs, Singles, Pros, HiEarners and Others. Initially when the game began, the product SYGU occupied highest mindspace share amongst Singles while the product SYCA occupied highest mindspace amongst Pros. At the end of all 12 periods, SYGU continued to occupy the highest share amongst Singles while also capturing a significantly high percentage amongst Buffs. On the Contrary, the mindspace percentage of SYCA increased excessively for Buffs and Hiearners.Also one more product SYCO was introduced which managed to gain the highest mindspace . This helped in taking proper measures to increase brand awareness amongst the desired segm ent and helped in understanding the impact of increasing advertising expenditure . The next logical step after studying the Brand awareness is to find out that how much of it is actually getting converted into Purchase. To study the Purchase intentions, the report Consumer Survey-purchase Intentions is the apt report. Here we inferred that purchase intention for SYGU was the highest amongst the Singles, which is in sync with the level of Brand awareness amongst them. Also the purchase intention for SYCA was highest amongst the Hiearners which is again in sync with the Brand awareness.IF we analyse the trend across 12 periods, we notice that there is a visible trend reversal i.e. SYGU purchase intention was highest amongst the segment Others while incase of SYCA, the PROS showed the highest purchase intentions . This can be attributed to the fact that a lot of investment was made in the Advertising research and hence overall advertising budget which increased the brand awareness and purchase intention considerably. BUYING BEHAVIOR of consumers :- So where exactly are Cheetah Ys target audience buying from ! This is important to understand because it helped us plan the salesforce and distribute the salesforce accordingly amongst the Speciality stores, Departmental stores and Mass merchandise stores. At the start of period 1, Buffs were mostly buying from Speciality stores, Singles were mostly buying from speciality and Departmental stores while 50% professionals were buying from Speciality stores.High earners preferred to buy through Departmental stores. However, after understanding the buying behaviour, appropriate salesforce was installed in each of these store types. Hence after period 12, singles ended up buying equally from Speciality, Departmental stores and mass Merchandise stores. The result of all the efforts and budget put into Marketing has a direct impact on the market share and stock prices. In this regard, the Report Consumer Panel- Market Shares based on Unit Sales provide the perfect insight into the market share distribution of the two products amongst Buffs, Singles, pros, Hiearners and others. In the Period 1, the highest share of revenue for SYGU was coming from Singles, while highest share of revenue for SYCA was coming from Hiearners (this is in sync with the BRAND AWARENESS report). However, down the line after 11 periods, the highest share of revenue for SYGU was coming from Others while major revenue contributors for SYCA was the segment pros. Since the brand awareness for the product SYCO was low, this duely reflected in in share of revenue being almost nil from each of the segments. After understanding the current scenario and facts and figures related to Brand awareness and Brand purchase intentions, it becomes imperative to do an apt amount of Advertising Research and an estimate of Competitive advertising. The Market research report tells us that initially all the products in the Sonite Market had a rating of poor against the various communication dimensions, except SULI . But over a period of 12 periods, while the communication dimensions and ratings and its corresponding ratings for all the products (and companies) changed, the ratings for SYGU AND SYCA remained poor and only SYCO got a message quality of Good. This can be analysed through the fact that though investment in advertising was being made, simultaneously the changes in the parameters Design, Power, Weight etc through RD was not made. This resulted in a mismatch between the product quality and what is being advertised, hence resulting in poor message quality.

History of the Amana Communes :: essays papers

History of the Amana Communes With the new foundland of north America, Europeans saw a chance to apply their hopes and dreams of a perfect Utopian society. They saw an oppertunity to raise communities of so called ‘utopian societies’ that they could not create in their already ruled land of Europe. While there would be Utopian experiments is Europe -like the Paris commune and the Fourierist Planxes, it would only be in America where the European divines would apply their Utopian ideals with such effort. The socialism of these early communities was the kind that Marx, rightly or wrongly, would brand as ‘utopian,’ suggesting that it was idealistic and impractical. Rather than seeking to create an ideal government or reform the world, the members of these communal groups withdrew form the sinful, corrupt world to work their miracles in microcosm, actually hoping to imitate the elect state of affairs that existed among the Apostles, who were said to hold all things in common. The most interesting point of these communal groups to me might be the overall backing of their desire to create a community. It seems some of the communal groups, such as the Amana, were only created out of feelings of guilt and hope for redemption. From Oveds book, two hundred years of American Communes, he describes the Amana as seeing their community as an island of redemption in a world awash with temptation, sin and avarice; the Elect could come and perfect themselves, if they were prepared to heed the Lord’s call to chastity, poverty, simplicity, hard work, purity, and brotherly love. Although they sought redemption, the main driving force behind the Amana was that they sought religious freedom. Unhappy with their religious rights and flixability in Germany, the Amanas left ifn 1842, settling near Buffalo, New York. In 1855, the â€Å"community of True Inspiration,† as they were called, moved west, forming their first village along the Iowa River. The Amana set up their communities with a diligent effort. Each village practiced their Utopian ideals and worked together as one large community. Perhaps the most impressive view of the Amana may be their unique contributions to social reform. Many aided and abetted the abolitionists, women’s rights, and objections to war. Their history and communal methods were basically unchanged for 89 years. The Amana is definitely one of the longest lasting communal societies in the world. In a sense you could actually say it was a bit of a success. The Amana had thier whole social class set up eliminating the need for conflict.

How are Relationships Presented in the Poems you Have Studied?

In ‘Havisham’, ‘Quickdraw’, ‘Salome’ – all by Carol Ann Duffy, the current poet laureate of Britain – and ‘The Farmer’s Bride’ by Charlotte Mew, relationships are presented as being constant power struggles between the two parties involved. These poems do not conform to traditional romantic poetry, but instead take a candid approach to the aspects of relationships that aren’t conventionally explored. All four of the poems I studied are dramatic monologues, giving the reader a first person perspective of what happened in the build up to, or during the poem itself.Although a comprehensive psychological insight into the character is available to us, allowing us to make our own judgements about the personas adopted by the poets, we are nonetheless given a biased account of the occurrences and hence it is difficult to conclude whether or not their portrayal of what happened is trustworthy. The titles of the po ems serve to objectify the person they are referring to: the lack of honorific title in ‘Havisham’ takes away the reader’s ability to judge the gender of the persona, which, in turn expresses the character’s loss of status.Those who have read ‘Great Expectations’ by Charles Dickens would be aware that ‘Havisham’ refers to Miss Havisham in the book. The lack of an honorific title symbolises her embarrassment and denial about her rejection in love and moreover puts her on par with characters like Hamlet and Othello, who weren’t at any point called ‘Prince Hamlet’ or ‘General Othello’. This technique used by Duffy portrays the persona as being of great importance; however, to anyone who hasn’t read the book, the question remains: who, or what is ‘Havisham’?Both the title and the first line of the poem ‘Salome’, also by Duffy, is a single word: Salome. Igniting our curi osity, we wonder: what’s Salome? It could be a person, a place or a thing. This uncertainty is what encourages the reader to continue reading. Lastly, ‘The Farmer’s Bride’ is a perfect example of objectification. This suggests to the reader that the wife is the property of the farmer, which is further emphasised by the lack of a name for her throughout the poem.According to the context of the poem, this was customary of the time: in the 19th Century, many farmers would choose wives who had a useful skill set for  life on a farm. The institution of marriage gave total legal authority to the man and a wife could not legally refuse the sexual demands of her husband. This borderline misogyny expresses the position of women in the community. The title portrays the wife as nothing but a mere object that can be used to aid its owner either through manual labour or sex. The incongruous poem, with regards to objectification, is ‘Quickdraw’. Duffy ins tead plays on Wild West iconography, suggesting that the relationship the poem describes is a battlefield.Immediately, we can guess what this poem will be about – dissimilar to ‘Havisham’ and ‘Salome’ – even if is in a metaphorical sense. A â€Å"quickdraw† is a tense gunfight at the end of which only one person is left standing – further proof that the title is a metaphor for this all-consuming relationship. Plosive consonants are used by Duffy to show the emotional callousness of the characters she adopts: in ‘ Havisham’ the character shows the reader that love doesn’t just affect us emotionally, but is felt in our entire beings, when she says that it isn’t just the heart that â€Å"b-b-b-breaks†.This could suggest that her speech is just as broken as her withering body and life; however, it also shows the violent side to the persona, making us question her sanity. From very early on in the poe m, the reader doesn’t question that the character of Salome is unhinged due to her flippant attitude to her actions, but the use of the onomatopoeic words – which happen to contain plosive consonants – â€Å"clatter†¦ clutter† adds not only to the fast rhythm of the poem, but also to the coldness and devilry of the persona.In ‘Quickdraw’, the character adopted by Duffy is portrayed as being the inferior person in the relationship; however, after being stoic and obsequious for so long, she attempts to retaliate, ultimately failing: â€Å"squeeze the trigger of my tongue, wide of the mark†. The Western imagery, â€Å"wide of the mark† adds to the heartlessness of the character, as in Wild West cinematography, people didn’t often show mercy. The â€Å"trigger of [her] tongue† may have been her only weapon left in the destructive relationship she found herself in and furthermore, this parody could perfectly descri be an argument: the inevitable truth is that words do hurt.Additionally, the alliteration of the ‘t’ sounds is comical, juxtaposed with the subject matter. The use of irony in both ‘Havisham’ and ‘Salome’ seems to emphasise the mental instability of the characters, which in turn symbolises their superiority, as they refuse to take responsibility even when the truth is obvious to us. The character of Havisham asks herself, â€Å"Who did this to me? †. This shows her genuine confusion at the state she is in, but to the reader, it is blatant that she did this to herself.She made a conscious choice to be self-pitying and not move on with her life. However, due to the context, we know that it would have been difficult. The persona labels herself a â€Å"spinster†. She, evidently showing how condemned she feels, spat this Victorian label out in distaste, as if she was worthless without a husband. The character of Salome said that her la st lover had â€Å"come like a lamb to the slaughter to Salome’s bed†. Here, the persona refers to herself as Salome, who according to Christian mythology was the stepdaughter of King Herod.After dancing for him, he said he would grant any of her wishes, so, prompted by her mother, she asked for the head of John the Baptist. He had said that her mother, Herodias’ marriage to King Herod was unlawful and incestuous. Herod sent an executioner to the prison where John was being kept and his head was brought to Salome in a dish. By comparing herself to this Biblical character, she is portrayed as being able to use the powers of seduction and lust to defeat her feeble and naive prey, making us view her as a conniving character.The irony lies in the fact that she had, in fact, murdered him the night before and seems proud of it: â€Å"I flung back the sticky red sheets†, which insinuates that, firstly, the blood was clotted and thus relatively old, and that she was delighted to present what she had created by â€Å"[flinging] back† the sheets. The structures of ‘Havisham’ and ‘Quickdraw’ are organised into four quatrains each, directly juxtaposing the personalities of the characters and relationships portrayed in them.The persona of Havisham lacks stability and the relationship in ‘Quickdraw’ is whimsical and fast-paced, emphasised by the two lines: â€Å"you ring, quickdraw, your voice a pellet in my ear, and hear me groan†. These erratic verses are followed by the crux of the poem, cleverly disguised by Duffy through the use of enjambment. If lines 5 and 9 are put together, they read â€Å"you’ve wounded me through the heart†. This ingenious manipulation of structure intensifies the meaning of the poem and makes us sympathise with the speaker about her failed relationship.On the other hand, it is the chaotic structure and rhyme scheme in ‘The Farmer’s Brideâ €™ that reflects the wife’s apparently unpredictable personality. At first, the wife is described by Mew as not being a woman, but more like â€Å"a little frightened fay†. On the surface, this simile would suggest that she was a demure, lithe character who is afraid of human contact; nevertheless, according to Elizabethan folklore, fays – also called fairies or faeries – were wicked creatures that would happily unleash their wrath on those who didn’t cajole them and comply with their every demand.This paints a much more alarming picture of her persona, which could somewhat reflect Charlotte Mew’s own mental state, as she had a thorough insight into mental illnesses. Similarly, the speaker in ‘Salome’, by means of the tumultuous structure and rhyme scheme, paints an ominous picture of the insane character. The chilling aspect being that throughout the poem, the persona is calm and collected, adding to her menacing satisfacti on by using throwaway remarks such as â€Å"there, like I said†¦ was his head on a platter†.Both of the poets I have studied are female and homosexual, thus it can be said that they may have taken a slightly biased approach to talking about the idea of power struggles in relationships. In all but one of the poems – namely ‘Salome’, in which the female acts as a despot – the female is the sycophantic character, clinging onto the idea that she would be nothing without a man by her side.In all of the poems however, there is an element of trying to make their lives better, regardless of if the relationship continues or not: the character of Havisham says that she â€Å"stabbed at a wedding cake†. This is a metaphorical way of saying that she ‘gave it a stab’ but the cake symbolises her failure to make it work. In ‘Quickdraw’, the use of â€Å"Last Chance saloon†, a piece of cliched Wild West iconography shows that she tried to fix their relationship, but the â€Å"silver bullets† of her partner’s kisses eventually drained the life out of her.The character of ‘Salome’ declares â€Å"Never again! †, although it was short-lived, the addition of an exclamation mark shows us that she was determined to change her ways. The farmer in Mew’s poem describes the ground as being â€Å"spread white with rime†. This symbolises the inevitability of the disintegration of their relationship. This unconventional take on relationships is more realistic than idealistic and provides a cynical viewpoint on what is usually heavily romanticised literature.

Free Essays on United States Independence From Britain

After the United States declared its Independence from Britain on July 4, 1776, the long process of building the state began. This era started with the individual state constitutions, which blended the traditions of British and colonial rule with the new, more radical republicanism that infused the nation during the Revolutionary War. State governments established, Americans realized the need for a national government to take on responsibility for diplomatic representation and military control. The first attempt at national government was laid out in the Articles of Confederation. The Articles established a loose federation of states that all essentially acted as individual republics; the balance of power lay heavily in the states favor and the national government was far too weak to perform even its basic duties. During the mid 1780s, the government under the Articles of Confederation proved unable to successfully levy and collect taxes, and unable to carry out the basic requirements of diplomacy. The nation was in danger of breaking apart. After Shays' Rebellion alerted many Americans to the weakness of the current national government, political leaders decided to alter the framework of government under which the United States operated. The Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia and determined that it was in the nation's best interest to create an entirely new framework of government. For nearly four months, the delegates at the convention deliberated on how best to accomplish this rebuilding effort. The Constitution, the result of these proceedings, sets out the tripartite system of government that is still in place in the US today. It created a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, an executive branch headed by the president and staffed by the cabinet, and provided for the establishment of a judicial branch, consisting of a federal-court system headed by the Supreme Court. A... Free Essays on United States Independence From Britain Free Essays on United States Independence From Britain After the United States declared its Independence from Britain on July 4, 1776, the long process of building the state began. This era started with the individual state constitutions, which blended the traditions of British and colonial rule with the new, more radical republicanism that infused the nation during the Revolutionary War. State governments established, Americans realized the need for a national government to take on responsibility for diplomatic representation and military control. The first attempt at national government was laid out in the Articles of Confederation. The Articles established a loose federation of states that all essentially acted as individual republics; the balance of power lay heavily in the states favor and the national government was far too weak to perform even its basic duties. During the mid 1780s, the government under the Articles of Confederation proved unable to successfully levy and collect taxes, and unable to carry out the basic requirements of diplomacy. The nation was in danger of breaking apart. After Shays' Rebellion alerted many Americans to the weakness of the current national government, political leaders decided to alter the framework of government under which the United States operated. The Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia and determined that it was in the nation's best interest to create an entirely new framework of government. For nearly four months, the delegates at the convention deliberated on how best to accomplish this rebuilding effort. The Constitution, the result of these proceedings, sets out the tripartite system of government that is still in place in the US today. It created a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, an executive branch headed by the president and staffed by the cabinet, and provided for the establishment of a judicial branch, consisting of a federal-court system headed by the Supreme Court. A...

Napoleon Bonaparte essays

Napoleon Bonaparte essays On December 2, 1804 the sweet-talking, crowd-charming Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned emperor of France. The Revolution just coming to a close, left mass chaos and disorder throughout the nation. The people no longer cared about the little freedom they had gained from the bloody revolution. They were willing to elect a monarch in order to calm the chaos-stricken country. They voted overwhelmingly in favor of Napoleon being crowned emperor 3,572, 329 to 2,569. It did not take long for the new ruler to begin acting the part of royalty. Soon after his election he even began signing documents with only his first initial as leaders of the past had. Napoleon began his rule in a way that shocked all who that attended the coronation. In order to show everyone that he was in no way under anothers authority, he took the crown and placed it on his own head. This fairly short, arrogant-looking man was said to have a kind of air about him that demanded obedience and respect. The men that served closest to him claimed he had a fire in his deep-set eyes. He was a child of luck, as some would say. He was always at the right spot in the right time. In ten years, he grew from a mere soldier to the emperor. Along the way his military genius was discovered. In 1796, Napoleon, as the commander of his army, took control of Italy for the French. The young commander marched into Italy saying People of Italy! The French Army comes to break your chains! (Carroll 49) They were not; however, totally free. They were forced to pay taxes and supply men for military duty. France had the great works of art and literature shipped off to Paris where they were stored in museums. Napoleon had begun to scale the wall of fame. In Paris; however, many believed the war was in incapable hands. For example, many French cities were experiencing food shortages, and like always, the man in charge was blamed. People also began longing for a strong leader t...

Arena Simulation of STR Manufacturing Process Dissertation

Arena Simulation of STR Manufacturing Process - Dissertation Example The present research has identified that Thai Hua Rubber PCL is one of the largest rubber producer and exporter in Thailand. Most of the product is concerning a production of rubber, for example, RSS (Ribbed Smoked sheets), RSS Compound (Ribbed smoked sheets compounds), STR (Standard Thai rubber), Concentrated Latex, ADS (Air Dried Sheets). However, focus product in this research would be STR (Standard Thai rubber) for which we see a manifold increase in demand. The research is aimed to identify measure and analyze the main problems in oven and packaging zone of production flow. The solution of the problem and its further validation by using Arena Simulation is also within the scope of this project. In order to improve the production, data was collected from the company’s existing processes and management information systems. The area of focus was the company’s production and quality control processes. Initially, the company’s existing scenario was simulated by u sing Arena Simulation programming method. Then in-depth analysis was conducted to find out the main problem in the production line and a solution was devised based on lean manufacturing methods. Lean manufacturing is the customer focus approach to deliver or supply what customer demands in the desired form and free of defects and in time. It further aims to reduce all types of wastes encountered during production processes that may impede overall productivity and increase costs. Main tools of lean manufacturing include but are not limited to 5S, TPM, 6 Sigma, and Kaizen. The transformation from a non-lean setup to a lean manufacturing system is critical and requires a systematic approach for this transition to avoid any major breakdown.

Radio Broadcast and the FM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Radio Broadcast and the FM - Essay Example The information was now made available at distances ranging from hundreds of kilometers without the transfer of any physical thing and also the same data was available to a large population at the same time. This technology also paved a whole new way of entertainment and music and the business associated to these industries. The technology associated to the radio was initially developed for the purpose of transmitting messages in coded format and the same can be termed as wireless telegraphy and found its usage in maritime and sea navigation and for defense purpose with messages being sent in Morse code format. Later it was found that the technology could also transmit human voice. With the discovery of modulation technology, the terms like AM and SW started making rounds and the whole new world of electronic media came into existence. A very simple step that began on December 16, 1907 with the broadcasting of a song by singer Eugenia H. Farrar from the Brooklyn Navy Yard has been the reason behind the very success of today's electronic media. It was Lee De Forest who had facilitated the broadcasting of song on a radio (FCC, 2005). ... The College radio became very popular among audiences in San Jose. In 1917, with the beginning of World War I with all resources being used for public broadcasting were diverted for defense use and public broadcasting saw a long halt. The radio transmission came under the purview of Navy and the two way telephony was given the importance. But things are actually going to begin rather than facing an abrupt end. The licensed radio broadcasting came into existence with Frank Conrad's company Westinghouse obtained the first commercial radio license and launched KDKA in November, 1920 (Adams, 2003). KDKA broadcasted the election results and the sold radios to the home users. Peace time usage of the broadcasting technology had arrived to make its first broad presence. The success of KDKA The KDKA era led to something which can be termed as the golden period of Radio based broadcasting services. May be for the first time in the history, the public was showing more interest to the product than the producers and this public sentiment gets visible with the unprecedented growth in the demand of radio receiving equipments and at the same time the Westinghouse Organization had to work for opening up other broadcasting stations. The company installed the most powerful broadcasting transmitter known as WSJ on the roof of its plant at Newark, N. J. and the same building roofed the studio (White, 2007). The studio was designed in such a way that it was sound proof equipped with several musical instruments. The studio was meant for artists basically single and players and speakers and news readers. The WSJ used to serve a region within a radius of